Iranian Journal of Pediatrics141"Hearing Screening in Children from 40 years ago to Now "5362N Daneshmandan20151006Hearing is a key sense in human communication development and communication is the basic need for learning Speech is the best way of communication and speech development is impeded by hearing loss. Hearing loss compromises optimal development and personal achievement because language and communication serve as the foundations for learning and also normal child development delay in the acquisition of these skills affect literacy academic achievement and personal and social development. The studies show that auditory deprivation specially in critical period of the brain development (first year of life ) results in considerable changes in cochlear nuclei of the brain stem Therefore, early detection of hearing loss in children has been a long standing clinical priority in audiology. In this article we have reviewed 60 years effort for early detection of hearing loss and finally. emphasiz that the basic assumption of new born hearing screening is early intervention. Early detection followed by early intervention will result in near normal speech achievement in these children which meaiis personal and social independence in life. In other words early intervention maximizes the benefits the child the family and the society will receive.http://ijp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijp/article/view/508http://ijp.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijp/article/download/508/507